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Year 1 Sem 1/LC Optics and Waves/Lecture 13

From Ash's Lecture Notes

Lecture 13: Image Formation
Wed 12 Nov 2025 11:00

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Sign Rules

We have the mirror equation:

$$\frac{1}{s} + \frac{1}{s^\prime} = \frac{1}{f}$$

The numerical values of $s$ and $s^\prime$ give us the distance, but the position of the formed image is determined by their signs.

Mirrors

The image formed by a mirror is:

  • Virtual, as we effectively see it appears as being behind the mirror, where there is no real light.
  • Erect, as there is no inversion (if you stand in front of a mirror, you see your body in the same top-to-bottom orientation as real life).
  • Reversed, as if you look in a mirror your body faces you, and you see your face, not your back.

Angled Mirrors

If we have a pair of hinged mirrors, changing the angle between them changes the way that the image is produced. Crucially, it changes how many images of the object we see:


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